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| Shapur III | 383 | 388 | Sasanians | ||
| Sigibert I | 561 | 575 | Merovingians | ||
| Sigibert II | 613 | 613 | Merovingians | ||
| Sigibert III | 634 | 656 | Merovingians | ||
| Sigismund | 516 | 523 | Burgundians | ||
| Sisebut | 612 | 621 | Visigoths | ||
| Sisenand | 631 | 636 | Visigoths | ||
| Stephanos I | 590 | 627 | Guaramid dynasty | ||
| Suintila | 621 | 631 | Visigoths | ||
| Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik | 715 | 717 | Umayyads | ||
| Suniefred | 692 | 693 | Visigoths | ||
| Taizong | 626 | 649 | Tang | ||
| Tegin Shah (Sri Shahi) | 680 | 739 | Turk Shahis | ||
| Teia | 552 | 553 | Ostrogoths | ||
| Theodahad | 534 | 536 | Ostrogoths | ||
| Theoderic | 489 | 526 | Ostrogoths | ||
| Theodora (4th century) | 337 | 340 | Roman Empire | ||
| Theodosios III | 715 | 717 | Eastern Roman Empire | ||
| Theodosius I | 379 | 395 | Roman Empire | ||
| Theodosius I or Arcadius | 379 | 408 | Roman Empire |