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| Priscus Attalus | 409 | 415 | Western Roman Empire | ||
| Phokas | 602 | 610 | Eastern Roman Empire | ||
| Philippikos Bardanes | 711 | 713 | Eastern Roman Empire | ||
| Petronius Maximus | 455 | 455 | Western Roman Empire | ||
| Peroz II | 303 | 330 | Kushanshahs | ||
| Peroz | 459 | 484 | Sasanians | ||
| Peroz | 345 | 350 | Kidarites | ||
| Perctarit | 671 | 688 | Lombards | ||
| Pepin the Short | 751 | 768 | Carolingians | ||
| Ousas/Ousanas | 500 | 520 | Aksumites | ||
| Ousanas | 320 | 330 | Aksumites | ||
| Ouazebas | 375 | 400 | Aksumites | ||
| Olybrius | 472 | 472 | Western Roman Empire | ||
| Ohrmazd VI | 630 | 632 | Sasanians | ||
| Ohrmazd V (Farrukh Hormid) | 630 | 631 | Sasanians | ||
| Ohrmazd IV | 579 | 590 | Sasanians | ||
| Ohrmazd III | 457 | 459 | Sasanians | ||
| Ohrmazd II | 302 | 309 | Sasanians | ||
| Ohrmazd I | 272 | 273 | Sasanians | ||
| Odoacer | 476 | 493 | Western Roman Empire |